On March 1 Poland marks the National Remembrance Day of the Cursed Soldiers, in honour of the once forgotten underground anti-communist heroes of 1944-1956. The commemorative ceremonies are being held under the patronage of the President of Poland Andrzej Duda.

The first day of March commemorates the anniversary of the execution of the death sentence on the last commanders of the “Freedom & Independence” movement.  On this day in 1951, Communists in a Warsaw prison executed Łukasz Ciepliński and his comrades who formed the leadership of a national resistance movement continuing the work of the underground Home Army after 1945. They were killed with a shot to the back of the head.